Black Hawk County, IA

County Profile

131,049 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Black Hawk County, IA.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

60out of 100
Area Score
Top 47% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 14 sources
Opportunity1,126th of 1,463 counties measured41
Schools905th of 1,377 counties measured38
GrowthTop 36% of 1,453 counties measured58
Housing affordabilityTop 49% of 1,462 counties measured74
Climate1,276th of 1,463 counties measured56
Physical resilienceTop 19% of 1,463 counties measured80
AccessTop 6% of 1,463 counties measured98
Economic stabilityTop 38% of 1,463 counties measured69
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable counties measured: unemployment is 4.0% and the Opportunity signal places Black Hawk County in the bottom 23%.

In the public schools here, 64% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.0 students for every teacher.

Rent takes 30% of renter income here, at the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 2.3 times what its owners earn.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
131,049
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$66,417
Top 46% nationally
Density
232/sq mi
565.8 sq mi of land
Median age
35.7
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Black Hawk County
Iowa
Nearest major airport
ALO
8 mi · Waterloo Rgnl
Median home value
$188,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.0%, lower than in 53% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment fell 3.1% over the past year, to 63,529 employed residents.

30% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 77% of measured US counties.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$48,44317th percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$54,96041st percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$1,8052024 ACS 5-Year$66,417Top 46%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,1492024 ACS 5-Year$37,541Top 36%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$55,508Bottom 47%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year12.1%Top 43%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±0.4 min2024 ACS 5-Year17.3 minTop 6%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year30.3%Top 23%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year78.4%56th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 202663,529Top 33%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−4.5%Bottom 9%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−3.1%Bottom 9%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 202666,16366th percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±0.9%2024 ACS 5-Year81.8%Top 19%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.1%2024 ACS 5-Year0.2%52nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026−0.4%Top 32%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.0%Top 47%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±1.0%2024 ACS 5-Year8.9%53rd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/074.92.3
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.0% in July 2026. It has been falling, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202466k57k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $66,417 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand2,920$47,440
Fast Food and Counter Workers2,500$27,820
Retail Salespersons2,460$31,270
Cashiers2,340$29,320
Registered Nurses1,890$76,920
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators1,610$50,310

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

64% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 65% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.0 students for every full-time teacher across 34 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
34
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.0
across all schools here
Math proficiency
63.6%
Bottom 33% in Iowa
Reading proficiency
64.6%
Bottom 30% in Iowa
The 12 largest of 34 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
West High SchoolWaterloo Comm School District1,69617.054%62%
Cedar Falls High SchoolCedar Falls Comm School District1,33313.976%81%
East High SchoolWaterloo Comm School District1,01616.752%57%
Hoover Middle SchoolWaterloo Comm School District84815.170%67%
Peet Junior High SchoolCedar Falls Comm School District69514.285%78%
Holmes Junior High SchoolCedar Falls Comm School District62813.790%83%
Kittrell Elementary SchoolWaterloo Comm School District57612.556%50%
Helen A Hansen Elementary SchoolCedar Falls Comm School District56916.389%84%
Hudson Elementary SchoolHudson Comm School District56216.577%72%
Expo Alternative Learning CenterWaterloo Comm School District56116.017%37%
Southdale Elementary SchoolCedar Falls Comm School District53914.283%82%
Lowell Elementary SchoolWaterloo Comm School District53812.847%52%

51.5% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Iowa’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 12% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 88.0, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Metro Area is up 37% over five years, and up 2.6% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,842 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.50% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,051, close to the $989 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,051 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $42,000 a year, about 63% of the median household income here of $66,417.

The typical renter household here spends 30% of its income on rent, at the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $989 a month.

A median home at $188,900 costs 2.3 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $83,817, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Cost of living
88.0

Prices here run about 12% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
29.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.3×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,051
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$989
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$188,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Black Hawk County’s median household income of $66,417, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Metro Area’s figure202388.0Top 7%of 8872023
Home price change (1 year)the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+2.6%27th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+37.0%22nd percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+61.2%6th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year2.3Top 36%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year66.2%18th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±1092024 ACS 5-Year58,99185th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$801Top 25%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,357Top 34%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,051Top 34%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$202024 ACS 5-Year$989Bottom 32%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$4,9882024 ACS 5-Year$188,90052nd percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$692024 ACS 5-Year$2,84283rd percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$3,1282024 ACS 5-Year$83,817Top 35%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.05%2024 ACS 5-Year1.50%90th percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year29.5%Bottom 32%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±2132024 ACS 5-Year47858th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year0.8%21st percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year6.7%30th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±5412024 ACS 5-Year4,42877th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

58/ 100
Top 36% of 1,453 published county profiles
The most recent move in permitting was upward, in a series running from 2022 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 132,348 in 2024.

Permitting has turned upward after moving the other way the year before: 489 units authorized in 2025, up 70% on the prior year.

Federal tax returns show that people moving in from elsewhere in the US and people moving out roughly balanced across Black Hawk County in the most recent year. Households that moved in reported an average income of $48,443, below the $54,960 of households that moved out.

At 3.7 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
481
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
3.7
Top 40% nationally
Year over year
+49%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
57.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

20202021202220232024132k130k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 2 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
−0.1%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
42%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$48,443
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$54,960
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Bremer County, IA 329 people · 7.3% of arrivals
  2. Linn County, IA 221 people · 4.9% of arrivals
  3. Buchanan County, IA 194 people · 4.3% of arrivals
  4. Polk County, IA 189 people · 4.2% of arrivals
  5. Grundy County, IA 183 people · 4.0% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Polk County, IA 348 people · 7.5% of departures
  2. Bremer County, IA 335 people · 7.2% of departures
  3. Linn County, IA 279 people · 6.0% of departures
  4. Grundy County, IA 175 people · 3.7% of departures
  5. Buchanan County, IA 169 people · 3.6% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

2022202320242025489201
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+143%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 85°F and January a low of 11°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 36.3 inches, including 39.1 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 47, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station WATERLOO MUNI AP, 7.5 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND5.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year592024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals36.3"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals39.1"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals11°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals85°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year02024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year472024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals55°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
47
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
59
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

80 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, tornado and drought, with inland flooding alone responsible for 47% of it. Inland flooding is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 81% of measured US counties.

DroughtElevated
TornadoHigh
Cold waveElevated
LightningModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: strong wind, winter weather, hail, inland flooding, ice storm, earthquake, wildfire, landslide, hurricane, coastal flooding, tsunami, avalanche, volcanic activity.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Black Hawk County has a modeled homicide rate of about 4.3 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 18.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at about 7.2 per 100,000 residents in Black Hawk County.

Homicide
4.3
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
18.4
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
7.2
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Suicide
21.5
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Black Hawk County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Waterloo Rgnl at 8 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±0.7%2024 ACS 5-Year89.4%Top 31%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle8 miTop 6%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle4Top 43%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year7.3%Top 26%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Waterloo RgnlALO8 mi8,399 ft
The Eastern IowaCID51 mi8,600 ft
Des Moines IntlDSM95 mi9,004 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
60
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
Housing, IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

ZIP areas

Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.