23059Glen Allen, Virginia

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 23059.

Area Score unavailable

Missing required signal: growth. AreaProfile withholds a score rather than inferring the missing dimensions.

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 34% of 6,210 published ZIP areas63
SchoolsTop 26% of 4,422 published ZIP areas71
Housing affordabilityTop 29% of 6,685 published ZIP areas91
ClimateTop 29% of 6,789 published ZIP areas75
Physical resilienceTop 19% of 6,709 published ZIP areas83
Access3822nd of 6,791 published ZIP areas91
Economic stabilityTop 1% of 6,742 published ZIP areas89
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.7% and median household income $157,897, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published ZIP profiles.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published ZIP profiles, placing 23059 in the top 19% for physical resilience.

A major airport is 19 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
42,522
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$157,897
Top 3% nationally
Density
928/sq mi
45.8 sq mi of land
Median age
39.6
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Glen Allen
Virginia
Metro area
Richmond, VA
Nearest major airport
RIC
19 mi · Richmond Intl
Median home value
$593,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.7% is lower than 78% of the 6,544 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment fell 2.1% over the past year, to 176,634 employed residents.

69% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 96% of measured US ZIP areas.

Household income is higher than at least 97% of measured US ZIP areas.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$19,284$157,897Top 3%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$4,704$75,415Top 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate2.8%Bottom 10%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute26.7 minBottom 44%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher69.5%Top 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment176,634Top 24%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-2.5%Bottom 15%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-2.1%Bottom 16%June 2026
Labor force183,472Top 24%June 2026
Labor force participation70.9%Top 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$68,400Top 45%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$51,460Top 41%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)0.4%Top 34%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.7%Bottom 22%June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
2021202220232024158k128k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $157,897 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Richmond, VA
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers17,100$29,500
Retail Salespersons16,210$33,580
General and Operations Managers15,770$108,670
Registered Nurses15,700$93,580
Cashiers14,460$30,350
Stockers and Order Fillers12,300$37,180

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Glen Allen, VA, the city containing this ZIP code.

70% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 76% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 17.1 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
8
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
17.1
across all schools here
Math proficiency
70.4%
Top 19% in Virginia
Reading proficiency
75.7%
Top 23% in Virginia
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Deep Run HighHenrico County Public Schools1,99219.7
Holman MiddleHenrico County Public Schools86216.362%67%
Rivers Edge ElementaryHenrico County Public Schools73517.584%90%
Colonial Trail ElementaryHenrico County Public Schools71018.280%82%
Greenwood ElementaryHenrico County Public Schools64914.424%35%
Shady Grove ElementaryHenrico County Public Schools60017.179%85%
Twin Hickory ElementaryHenrico County Public Schools51614.787%89%
David A. Kaechele ElementaryHenrico County Public Schools45514.286%88%

25.4% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Virginia’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,900 takes 14% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.8 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
14.4%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.8×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,900
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$593,700
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.76Top 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate78.4%Bottom 49%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±77916,244Top 7%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$94$1,900Top 10%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$21,986$593,700Top 9%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income14.4%Bottom 26%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2.8%Bottom 12%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →

No building-permit activity is published for this location by the Census Building Permits Survey.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 89°F and January a low of 28°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 45.8 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 41, in the Good band, and one day a year passes 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station ASHLAND HANOVER CO MUNI AP, 7.6 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.9"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index55.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation45.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low28°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high89°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10012024 calendar year
Median air quality index41.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing41°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
41
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
55
90th percentile index
Days above 100
1
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

83 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are earthquake, drought and hurricane.

EarthquakeElevated
DroughtHigh
HurricaneModerate
Cold waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: inland flooding, lightning, ice storm, heat wave, tornado, strong wind, winter weather, landslide, hail, wildfire, coastal flooding, avalanche.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Henrico County records 6.3 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 10.2 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 14.3 per 100,000 residents in Henrico County.

Homicide
6.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
10.2
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
14.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
9.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Henrico County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around 23059 rather than 23059 itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 19 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Richmond IntlRIC19 mi9,003 ft
Newport News/Williamsburg IntlPHF71 mi8,003 ft
Washington Dulles IntlIAD86 mi11,500 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

23059 vs Glen Allen

How this ZIP area compares with Glen Allen as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like.

23059
Glen Allen
Median household income
$157,897
vs
$92,723
Per capita income
$75,415
vs
$43,733
Population density
928/sq mi
vs
1,995/sq mi
Median home value
$593,700
vs
$357,200
Median gross rent
$1,900
vs
$1,804
Homeownership rate
78.4%
vs
75.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher
69.5%
vs
45.8%
Poverty rate
2.8%
vs
3.6%
Median age
39.6
vs
40.1

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.